First of all you have to import the list of coordinates into your project. This tutorial explains well how to do that: http://qgis.spatialthoughts.com/2012/01/importing-spreadsheets-or-csv-files-to.html
When you have both layers (polygones and points) into your project, go to vector > data management tools > join attributes by location
You get a window where you can define which layers you want to combine:
- Set your point layer als the 'target vector layer'.
- Set your polygon layer as 'join vector layer'.
- Define your Output Shapefile (there will be a new one created. So if you missed, the original data is preserved).
- You can choose to keep all the data in the new shapefile, even if there is no match with a polygon: check 'keep all records (including non-matching target records)'
Click 'OK'. The new shapefile is created and you will be asked 'Would you like to add the new layer to the TOC?' Click again OK.
Open the attributetable of the new added shapefile and you will see that all the features of the corresponding polygon are added to the point that lays into that polygon.