Calling GetCapabilities for a given WMS server will return information about all the layers available. This is normally an XML document, so you will need to parse it to find the projection.
For instance, the request:
http://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wms?SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetCapabilities
Returns a big XML document. The interesting bit from your point of view is this:
<Layer queryable="0" opaque="0" cascaded="0">
<Name>bluemarble</Name>
<Title>Blue Marble World Elevation and Bathymetry Raster</Title>
<SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS>
<LatLonBoundingBox minx="-180" miny="-90" maxx="180" maxy="90" />
<BoundingBox SRS="EPSG:4326"
minx="-180" miny="-90" maxx="180" maxy="90" />
<Attribution>
<Title>NASA Blue Marble</Title>
<OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/BlueMarble/"/>
</Attribution>
</Layer>
<Layer queryable="0" opaque="0" cascaded="0">
<Name>continents</Name>
<Title>World continents</Title>
<SRS>EPSG:4326</SRS>
<LatLonBoundingBox minx="-180" miny="-90" maxx="180" maxy="83.6274" />
<BoundingBox SRS="EPSG:4326"
minx="-180" miny="-90" maxx="180" maxy="83.6274" />
<Style>
<Name>default</Name>
<Title>default</Title>
<LegendURL width="126" height="131">
<Format>image/png</Format>
<OnlineResource xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wms?version=1.1.1&service=WMS&request=GetLegendGraphic&layer=continents&format=image/png&STYLE=default"/>
</LegendURL>
</Style>
</Layer>
And several others like it.
How you go about extracting the information you want is a bit trickier, and it depends on what software you're using. Something like QGIS will connect to the WMS and get its capabilities document and do all the work for you. If on the other hand you are writing a program to do it, then you will need to either use an XML parser library, use an XPath parser, or use regular expressions
Some more information on your use case will help.