I'm assuming ArcGIS Desktop ... Use relates in the map or relationship classes in the geodatabase.
From the ArcGIS Desktop 10 help files with my emphasis below:
"Unlike joining tables, relating tables simply defines a relationship between two tables. The associated data isn't appended to the layer's attribute table like it is with a join. Instead, you can access the related data when you work with the layer's attributes.
For example, if you select a building, you can find all the tenants that occupy that building. Similarly, if you select a tenant, you can find what building it resides in (or several buildings, in the case of a chain of stores in multiple shopping centers—a many-to-many relationship). However, if you performed a join on such data, ArcMap will only find the first tenant belonging to each building, ignoring additional tenants."
http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/About_joining_and_relating_tables/005s0000002n000000/