Watershed Analysis

Question

With DEM as source, I created all necessary files like flow direction, accumulation,slope,streams,watersheds,pour point etc.... In my watershed(basin), I have many sub-watersheds(sub-basin) with streams and outlets at various elevations I need o do analysis on the following two basis.
1) I need to calculate for every basin/sub-basin, the drainage area at every elevation contour along the stream. Please ref figure for better understanding my view.
2) I the figure there are six elevation contours (2 black top-bottom, 4 red in between) in the basin/sub-basin. In the figure, outlet is at the bottom elevation. Now I want to change outlet to all above elevations along the stream. And for each elevation point outlet along the stream, I need to calculate drainage area and volume.

I am trying various options with Arcgis,globalmapper,autocad,surfer,microstation and others.. Please give me some idea in doing this watershed analysis with less effort with any of the above said software/tools/extensions/toolbox with better accuracy. Thanks much for your time and support.

Answer 1

For Q1, if you aren't recalculating the watershed at each contour line, you can use the Split Polygons tool in ArcMap to chop up your watersheds. You need an ArcEditor or ArcInfo license to use it. It will chop the watersheds by the contour lines and retain attributes.

So, a possible process could be to have an acreage field from the original watersheds, split the watersheds, add another acreage field and calculate acreages on the new polygons, then use the Field Calculator on a third field to determine percent of total acreage in each subwatershed.

This method assumes you have converted watersheds to vector data and that the contour lines are also vector data.

Answer 2

These are actually multiple questions, and should maybe be split up, but here is a partial answer regarding the calculation of the percentage of the watershed upstream for each pixel along the flowpath:

Lets assume you are doing this in ArcGIS:

1) Determine your streams You have calculated a flow accumulation grid, the basis for a stream network. In order to derive actual stream, you need to decide on a threshold at which a stream is formed. Apply this threshold, by reclassifying the flow accumulation grid to 1 - where the threshold is exceeded - and to 0 - where the threshold is below. The result is something like the blue river network in your graph, where a value of one means "river" and zero means "no river".

2) Determine upstream area for river network Next multiply (using the raster calculator) the result from step 1 with the flow accumulation grid. This grid results in the number of upstream cells for each pixel of the stream network. Calculate the percentage of the upstream cells by dividing the pixel value by the watershed area ( = maximum flow accumulation value) and multiply by 100 to derive percentages. If you want to do the calculations on real areas, first multiply the flow accumulation grid by the area of one pixel.

3) Make a graph and pick/calculate the values at your desired interval.

Answer 3

During my research, I found partial answer to my question in CatchmentSIM-GIS software which will give such analysis.Attached figure is for better idea. It has subcatchment analysis tab where we can change sub-basins (subcatchmentIDs). It is doing analysis for entire catchment (see the tab "entire catchment" in fig) and all subcatchments(see tab "all subs" in fig) and also individual subcatchments by providing IDs. I dont have this software and didnt find the same in internet. So I request all of you to provide some light to get possible solution with arcgis.

Answer 4

Why dont you consider QGIS/GRASS combination for your watershed analysis? GRASS has specific watershed function that you can access from QGIS.

Youtube has some demo videos on GRASS/QGIS watershed analysis.

more reading material here;

http://www.ing.unitn.it/~grass/docs/tutorial_62_en/htdocs/esercitazione/dtm/dtm4.html

http://jentjr.blogspot.com/2011/06/watershed-analysis-using-grass-gis.html