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According to the documentation for Near Analysis the output units for the tool are in the linear units of the feature.

When accessing the properties of the feature class I can see where angular units are defined (as a result of the coordinate system), however I do not see where I can view or change the linear units of a feature.

The Data Source textbox from the Source tab for the Layer Properties of my point feature class does not contain a Linear Unit specification.

How do I access the linear units of a feature class?

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Instead of saying it "has a projection", perhaps saying it has a coordinate system would be more accurate. I don't think geographic cood systems have linear units. Did you try projecting it into a projected coordinate system first? – Kirk Kuykendall Apr 10 '11 at 17:47

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If the file has a defined coordinate system and it is projected, you should be able to see everything by right-clicking on the layer, selecting Properties then the Source tab. Information for the layer is shown as in this example:

Geometry Type: Point

Projected Coordinate System: NAD_1983_UTM_Zone_13N

....snip

Linear Unit: Meter

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Thank you, ammended question in response. My feature class's data source info does not contain a Linear Unit field. – mindless.panda Apr 10 '11 at 17:11
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What is its projection then? If it is a Geographic Coordinate system (GCS) aka, unprojected, decimal degrees...then the X, Y units are in decimal degrees. A projected coordinate system can have units of Meters or Feet depending upon your projection. Check for a *.prj file and examine in a text editor. – Dan Patterson Apr 10 '11 at 18:29

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