You don't give any information about your tables. Assuming the point isn't in a table and venues has fields id, radius, geom...
select
venue.id
from
venue
where
st_dwithin(
st_geographyfromtext( 'POINT(' || venues.longitude || ' ' || venues.latitude || ')'),
'POINT(0 0)'::geography,
venues.radius * 1609.344)
This goes through the venues table and
- reads the point geometry stored for the venue in venues.geom,
- and tests whether the POINT(0 0) is within venues.radius converted from miles to meters from the venue.
It returns the venue.id if they intersect.
There might be a more elegant way to construct the geography from the long/lat.
I recommend playing with SpatiaLite to learn about the basic geometry operations. It's easier to set up and get going than PostGIS. They have a nice tutorial, too. Most of the functions are the same if only named differently.