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Aug 19, 2015 at 16:19 comment added whuber Unfortunately, I don't think there are any GISes extant that don't represent a river in terms of such line segments. Either it is a polyline--which is a sequence of such segments, or a polygon (bounded by such a sequence), or it is in a raster format, in which case it's given by a set of grid (center) points that can be analyzed in the same way. Your sequence of points of "minimal granularity" will be derived by interpolating the underlying data. I believe--but would need to consult the literature--that river energy is of interest and that's directly related to curvature (and gradient).
Aug 19, 2015 at 16:13 comment added elrobis @whuber that ^ is definitely a smarter/better answer to a related question. The only difference I think I'm detecting is the approach I proposed doesn't assume any pre-established line segments, and instead creates its own segments at equal intervals---where the shorter the better, and where the interval distance corresponds to some truly measurable stream feature, for which I thought a magnification of bankfull width might provide a nice common trait to derive against.
Aug 19, 2015 at 16:02 comment added whuber I believe this suggestion may be the same procedure discussed at gis.stackexchange.com/questions/37058 --or at least could be implemented in the same way. It would be most interesting to know what measure of "delta values" would have hydrological meaning.
Aug 19, 2015 at 16:01 history edited elrobis CC BY-SA 3.0
Added links to relevant PostGIS functions.
Aug 19, 2015 at 15:41 history edited elrobis CC BY-SA 3.0
Improved the answer formatting, added some style markup, and added a link.
Aug 19, 2015 at 15:32 history answered elrobis CC BY-SA 3.0