recently iRecently I am investigating case of grounding vessels., one of the findingfindings is the paper chart used for passage planning was using besselBessel 1841 spheroids, whilst the GPS system was using WGS 1984 spheroids. The waypoints' coordinates planned in the paper chart then inserted into the GPS (exactlyusing exactly same GPS coordinate numbersvalues).
The navigating officer continuously maintainmaintains the ship track following the waypoint setup in the GPS not the paper chart. However the ship track went closerclose to a shallow reef and then grounded.
Why could two spheroid systems result in shifting of ship position?