Your main problem is the use of "for" instead of "if" with the conditionals related to the first field.
def Check ( a, b ):
if (a > 0) and (a < 10): #if you don't have negative values, it could be if a<10: . Also, note that you will not return any result for negative values with the present script.
if b == 2:
return "NO"
elif b == 1:
return "YES"
elif b == 0:
return "MAYBE"
elif (a => 10) and (a < 15): #elif a<15:
if b == 2:
return "NO"
elif b == 1:
return "YES"
elif b == 0:
return "MAYBE"
elif (a > 15): #else:
if b == 2:
return "YES"
elif b == 1:
return "NO"
elif b == 0:
return "MAYBE"
Also, make sure that you run it with
Check(!fielda!,!fieldb!)
By the way, in your example the value of "a" doesn't influence the output, so this could be skipped.