You can simply use your browser's web developer tools to see which URL is behind which layer. Most layers are served from a different tile server. Currently these are:
- Standard: tile.openstreetmap.org/
- CyclOSM: tile-cyclosm.openstreetmap.fr/cyclosm/
- Cycle Map: tile.thunderforest.com/cycle/
- Transport Map: tile.thunderforest.com/cycletransport/
- ÖPNVKarte: tileserver.memomaps.de/tilegen/
- Humanitarian: openstreetmap.fr/hot/
The Tiles wiki page is just an example list of tile servers. It can be edited by anybody, so feel free to add the Transport layer to this list.