You did not specify which software you use in your question. Based on some of your other questions you are using ArcGIS in which there are a couple of ways to solve this problem.
One would be to use Raster to Polygon to convert your raster to a vector layer. You may then need to merge or dissolve the resulting shapes into a single bounding box which you can use to clip your vector data. There are a few other questions here about converting the extent of a raster to a vector polygon, though many of them do so programmatically using Python.
A simpler method if precision isn't required is to simply draw a new polygon shape that is roughly the bounds of your raster and use that. "Roughly" can mean anything from visible overlap to zooming in to 1:5 or better at each raster corner to click the points defining your polygon.
Once you have the bounding box to clip with, there are again several options. The Clip (Analysis) tool will do it (note this is not the Clip (Data Management) tool which is for clipping rasters to a boundary).