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I have the following shapefiles:
Using ArcGIS for Desktop, I would like to identify and extract to a new shapefile the point within each polygon that is closest to the road network, and also calculate the distance that each closest point is from the road network.
Seems to me that you need to clip your road feature first using your polygons. Then begin the point selection process.
Other thing to consider is how the road feature is drawn. Is it a polyline? Is a single feature? If you're trying to get only 1 point that is closest then you need to make sure the individual roads are 1 feature too.
This would be so much easier if you knew the minimum distance for a point. My initial thought was to use a simple 'select by location' with a minimum distance to narrow down your selection. I will try and work on this and see what I come up with. This seems like a geoprocessing tool for spatial statistics.
I wanted to iron out some of the variables in your question first before I continue.
