The server at https://co2web.jpl.nasa.gov/thredds/catalog/OCO-2/B7101Ar_r02/2014/09/06/LtCO2/catalog.html?dataset=nasa.jpl.oco2/B7101Ar_r02/2014/09/06/LtCO2/oco2_LtCO2_140906_B7101Ar_150909171225s.nc4 doesn't appear to be serving them up through OpenDAP such that ncdf4 can read them remotely. Try copying it locally and doing the extraction with:
fn <- 'oco2_LtCO2_140906_B7101Ar_150909171225s.nc4'
nc <- nc_open(fn)
vn <- 'Retrieval/fs'
ncatt_get(nc,vn)
x <- ncvar_get(nc,vn)
> system(paste('md5',fn))
MD5 (/tmp/oco2_LtCO2_140906_B7101Ar_150909171225s.nc4) = aba9389fe3bb0cf9dfe321c24fc211b4
> summary(x)
Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
0.000 0.074 0.165 0.270 0.317 11.600 17782
An extract of the 'nc' output:
...
65 variables (excluding dimension variables):
float latitude[sounding_id] (Contiguous storage)
units: degrees_north
long_name: latitude
missing_value: -999999
comment: center latitude of the measurement
float longitude[sounding_id] (Contiguous storage)
units: degrees_east
long_name: longitude
missing_value: -999999
comment: center longitude of the measurement
double time[sounding_id] (Contiguous storage)
units: seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00
long_name: time
missing_value: -999999
...
If they were serving it up as OpenDAP, it could work remotely like:
uri <- 'http://geoport.whoi.edu/thredds/dodsC/examples/bora_feb.nc'
nc2 <- nc_open(uri)
nc2