Creating line (closest vertex to line) using ArcGIS Desktop?

Question

I'm using ArcInfo 10 SP3.

I am working in reorganising our utility data. Two years ago, we have started collecting Private Service water line. We still have a lot of them to extract from old Record Drawings.

I was wondering if there was a way to create line that would join our building footprints to the WaterMain line?

I would like to use the the building vertex closest to the Water main as a starting point.

Answer 1

If you are looking for a solution that does not require developing a .NET tool, you can use the python script below to accomplish exactly what you are after. I had exactly the same need and wrote the following script as the solution. Configure it as an ArcCatalog tool with the 4 parameters, or comment out the parameters and uncomment the hardcoded variables and run it directly.

# CreateLineFromNearestVertexToFeature.py
# Author: Jeff Berry
# Description: Creates a line between the nearest vertext on source features
# to the nearest feature in target feature class.
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Import arcpy module
import arcpy
from arcpy import env

# Local variables:
# 1. SourceFC - Feature Class 
# 2. TargetFC - Feature Class
# 3. Output_gdb - Geodatabase
# 4. Output_fc - String

SourceFC = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(0)
TargetFC = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(1)
Output_gdb = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(2)
Output_fc = arcpy.GetParameterAsText(3)

## Alternatively setup hardcoded variables    
##SourceFC = "Buildings"
##TargetFC = "WaterMains"
##Output_gdb = "D:\\New File Geodatabase.gdb"
##Output_fc = "lines_output"

SourceFeaturePoints = "SrcFtrPoints"
arcpy.env.workspace = Output_gdb

# Process: Feature Vertices To Points
arcpy.FeatureVerticesToPoints_management(SourceFC, SourceFeaturePoints, "ALL")

# Process: Near
arcpy.Near_analysis(SourceFeaturePoints, TargetFC, "1000 Feet", "LOCATION", "NO_ANGLE")

# Process: Create Feature Class...
#arcpy.CreateFeatureclass_management(Output_gdb, Output_fc, "POLYLINE", "", "DISABLED", "DISABLED", "", "", "0", "0", "0")
rows = arcpy.SearchCursor(SourceFeaturePoints)

lstIDs = []

for row in rows:
    lstIDs.append(row.ORIG_FID)

uniqueOBJIDS = set(lstIDs)
newLineList = []
shapeName = arcpy.Describe(SourceFeaturePoints).shapeFieldName

for objID in uniqueOBJIDS:
    rows = arcpy.SearchCursor(SourceFeaturePoints, "\"NEAR_DIST\" = (SELECT MIN( \"NEAR_DIST\") FROM SrcFtrPoints WHERE \"ORIG_FID\"  = " + str(objID) + ")")
    for row in rows:
        arrayLine = arcpy.Array()
        ftr = row.getValue(shapeName)
        pointStart = ftr.firstPoint
        pointEnd = arcpy.Point(row.NEAR_X, row.NEAR_Y)
        arrayLine.add(pointStart)
        arrayLine.add(pointEnd)
        plyLine = arcpy.Polyline(arrayLine)
        newLineList.append(plyLine)


arcpy.CopyFeatures_management(newLineList, Output_fc)
arcpy.Delete_management(SourceFeaturePoints, "FeatureClass")

del rows
del row
del SourceFeaturePoints
del Output_fc
del Output_gdb
arcpy.ClearEnvironment("workspace")

Answer 2

Look in to the "NearestFeature" method on IIndexQuery2.

You can use this to get the nearest water main feature to each building. I guess you would then somehow need to loop thru the vertices on each building to find which one is the closest distance to this feature, then build a new polyline using the vertices from the building and watermain as endpoints. The only time I have done this was using two point featureclasses, wish I could offer more than that off the top of my head.. :D

IFeatureCursor pDepthCursor = pDepthSoundings.Search(null, false);
IFeatureIndex2 pFtrInd = new FeatureIndexClass();
pFtrInd.FeatureClass = pDepthSoundings.FeatureClass;
pFtrInd.FeatureCursor = pDepthCursor;
pFtrInd.Index(null, pCombinedEnvelope);
IIndexQuery2 pIndQry = pFtrInd as IIndexQuery2;

int FtdID = 0;
double dDist2Ftr = 0;
pIndQry.NearestFeature(ppoint, out FtdID, out dDist2Ftr);

IFeature pCloseFeature = pDepthSoundings.FeatureClass.GetFeature(FtdID);