There's an excellent general question about downloading canals here: How do I download specific OpenStreetMap data by tag?
There's also plenty of knowledge about OSM in general, but one thing I always struggle with is downloading 'highways' marked as a specific relation. The cycle network, for example, consists of many types of features joined together with a single relation: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Cycle_routes
How could one, for example, download the entire London Cycle Network in a single command?