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I would like to delete all fields with the string "RAWI". For instance the field "RAWI_WA" and the field "RAWI_BO" should be deleted but not the field "NSG_RAW"

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You can use the following code in the Python console which, for your selected layer, deletes all fields which contains RAWI in the field name:

layer = qgis.utils.iface.activeLayer()
# Get field names of layer
field_names = [field.name() for field in layer.fields()]

# Use `with edit()` method to edit and commit changes in one go
with edit(layer):
    # Assign count in reverse order for each field which will be used as index
    for i, j in reversed(list(enumerate(field_names))):
        if "RAWI" in j:
            layer.deleteAttribute(i)
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    Lovely use of enumerate to get the index and item. – Richard Morgan Mar 30 '16 at 12:46
  • @RichardMorgan - Thank you :) I'm sure there's a nicer way of getting the indices for the relevant fields! – Joseph Mar 30 '16 at 12:49
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    layer.startEdiging() and layer.commitChanges() do nothing if the nested calls are on the dataprovider. rather use layer.deleteAttribute(idx) instead. And if you want to have it extra-nice you can use with edit(layer) instead :) (reference: opengis.ch/2015/08/12/with-edit-layer) – Matthias Kuhn Apr 1 '16 at 7:23
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    That's probably caused by the indexes changing while removing fields. Better iterate in reverse order. And still, if using startEditing() or with edit don't use dataProvider() at all - or skip the startEditing() / with edit part ;) – Matthias Kuhn Apr 1 '16 at 10:29
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    One last hint: use layer.fields() (or for older qgis versions layer.pendingFields()) or you may have troubles with joined and virtual fields. – Matthias Kuhn Apr 1 '16 at 10:49

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