Based on https://help.openstreetmap.org/questions/27436/easiest-way-to-render-several-svg-maps-in-mapnik-style you have some choices that work for me:
It lets you download osm data for the current view, and export to SVG for Inkscape or Adobe Illustrator. It uses the OSM styles by default
It requires the data to be in a postgis database populated with osm2pgsql, and uses OSM stylesheets as well. The command line would be something like
nik2img\nik2img.py osm-de.xml out.svg --format svg --srs 900913 --bbox 6.47 51.4 6.48 51.41 --world-file wld
Mapnik is also able to consume raw osm data and output SVG, but I have not tested it myself. At lest the demo of Mapnik 2.2.0 has SVG output on a very simple stylesheet (rendering shapefiles).