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Follow-up with some other non-commercial web apps people have been developing:
The open software TerraView (http://www.dpi.inpe.br/terraview_eng/index.php) has a regionalization method called SKATER. It's description can be found here:
Assunção, Renato M., et al. "Efficient regionalization techniques for socio‐economic geographical units using minimum spanning trees." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 20.7 (2006): 797-811. Available at: http://www.dpi.inpe.br/gilberto/papers/assuncao_neves_camara_ijgis.pdf
The same method is also available in Python package regionskate
(pypi, github).
Python's PySAL library supports regionalization. It uses the max-p algorithm that does not force the user to specify a priori the number of regions (which is often the case in other methods).
David Martin's (University of Southampton) AZTool is another option. Software has a solid methodology behind it and I presume it can handle large datasets since it has been used:
... by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to create the 2001 Census output geographies for England and Wales
NCRM has some online learning resources that cover the topic.