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0 degrees correspond to Cartesian coordinate’s “y-axis” and all angles are measured with respect to this axis (clockwise increasing). Basis vectors are the “the vector pointing towards geographical north” and “the vector pointing towards geographical east”.
I’m writing some code documentation discussing vector averaging and converting between polar/Cartesian representation of a vector.
If you do really mean that the 0-degree axis points North, the 90-degree axis points East and the Z-axis points vertically up, then is called a Left-Handed Coordinate System. Strictly speaking, however, you really have to be willing to relabel your "X" and "Y" axes the other way around, where "X" is North and "Y" is East.
In this image, from wiki/Right-hand_rule, the left side represents a LH system, but with x-as-north and y-as-east.
If you're unwilling to relabel that's OK. I was in a situation of developing land survey software using the North American surveyors' convention of coordinate order: North, East, Elevation. While this exactly agrees with the mathematical left-hand system described above, my predecessor programmer was using Y-as-north and X-as-east order. I simply kept that same order/naming internally and the North-first, East-second order externally.
