The following is how I would solve such a problem. The method is not tested.
import arcpy
# define workspace
workspace = r"C:\GIS\Data.gdb"
arcpy.env.workspace = workspace
# list all feature classes
fullList = arcpy.ListFeatureClasses()
# set up empty list
resultList = []
# iterate through files in list and fill new list
for item in fullList:
resultList.append(item.split("_"))
# your new list now contains lists in the form of ["what", "where", "howMany"]
# you can use this list to fill a text file with its content
# define output file
outfile = r"C:\GIS\output.txt"
# fill output file
with open(outfile, 'w') as fout:
# write header:
fout.write("what where howMany\n")
# write list content
for i in range(len(resultList)):
fout.write("{} {} {}\n".format(str(resultList[i][0]), str(resultList[i][1]), int(resultList[i][2])))