A column was specified that does not exist error - ArcGIS

Question

I have some code that ran just fine on ArcMap 10.7 in May, but is now giving me an error when trying to create a new shapefile. The join that precedes the code that throws an error succeeds, and when I look at the attribute table the column exists as it should. I've reviewed other questions here but cannot seem to figure out the issue.

import arcpy
import time

beginningTime = time.time()
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput = True
mxd = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument("CURRENT")
df = arcpy.mapping.ListDataFrames(mxd)[0]
excel_file = "C:\\Users\\SSchreier\\Desktop\\ArcGIS Maps\\MTW\\MTW_Map.xlsx"
county = "C:\\Users\\SSchreier\\Desktop\\ArcGIS Maps\\County_Projected_AEAC"
arcpy.AddJoin_management("County_Projected_AEAC", "ID", "C:/Users/SSchreier/Desktop/ArcGIS Maps/MTW/MTW_Map.xlsx/Sheet1$", "modified_FIPS", "KEEP_ALL")

arcpy.Select_analysis("County_Projected_AEAC", "C:/Users/SSchreier/Desktop/ArcGIS Maps/MTW/Beef_Cattle.shp", '"Sheet1$.Flag_Beef_Cattle" = 1')

The last line throws the error that the column does not exist. However, it is in the attribute table, and capitalization and underscores and everything have been verified. I also verified the SQL formula outside of the Python script and it verified successfully. The error is below:

Runtime error Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 12, in File "c:\program files (x86)\arcgis\desktop10.7\arcpy\arcpy\analysis.py", line 90, in Select raise e ExecuteError: ERROR 000358: Invalid expression "Sheet1$.Flag_Beef_Cattle" = 1 Failed to execute (Select).

I also tried the following code because this is the script the ModelBuilder output, but still receive an error, albeit a different error.

arcpy.Select_analysis("County_Projected_AEAC", "C:/Users/SSchreier/Desktop/ArcGIS Maps/MTW/Beef_Cattle.shp", "\"Sheet1$.Flag_Beef_Cattle\" = 1")

---

Runtime error Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 17, in File "c:\program files (x86)\arcgis\desktop10.7\arcpy\arcpy\analysis.py", line 90, in Select raise e ExecuteError: ERROR 000358: Invalid expression "Sheet1$.Flag_Beef_Cattle" = 1 Failed to execute (Select).

Answer 1

To my experience, using MS Excel sheet in ArcGIS may cause issues sooner or later, since Excel sheet is not literally a database. A recent edit in your sheet may have caused this issue. If you visit this very informative page, https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/latest/manage-data/tables/understanding-how-to-use-microsoft-excel-files-in-arcgis.htm, it states

Excel tables behave in the same way as other tables that don't have an ObjectID field. This means you will be unable to edit, perform relates, or make selections on the map.

In your case, unable to make selection could be the problem. As a long run resolution, I suggest exporting Excel sheet beforehand via Excel to Table tool.