Your buffers are circular because the data frame appears to be is in GCS_WGS_1984, a coordinate system in which units are in degrees, and where degrees are represented as equally spaced over the x and y scale. Therefore, with the buffer also in degrees, they show as circles with a 2 degree radius.
If you create buffers using a linear unit (km, miles, nautical miles, etc) instead of degrees, while your map is projected as is, you should see ovals instead of circles. Changing the method from planar to geodesic would be more evident if you were putting a buffer around a polygon instead of a single point. You can read more about what that setting does in the documentation.
Keep in mind, the projection (aka coordinate system in Esri land) of the data frame controls how the shapes are drawn on the screen regardless of the projection of any single layer. Using the data as-is in your screen shot, if you go to the data frame's properties, then coordinate system tab, and change the coordinate system you can watch the circles change shape as they are represented in different projections. Try Web Mercator, Equal Earth etc, and take a look at the different distortions by looking at how the lat/long lines are bent in several projections in this Esri doc.
