Find locations of raster maximum within polygons: Basin Delineation

Question

I'm trying to identify the Location (lat/lon) and upstream area of every raster point that flows into the Arctic Ocean (there are a lot so it has to be fully automated). I'm starting with the following rasters:

• Flow Direction
• Accumlated Flow Area

My approach so far has been to use the above rasters to create a delineated basin shapefile. From there I was hoping I could use the shapefile to look at the Flow Accumulation Raster and identify the location of the maximum value in each basin. In terms of output, I just need a table that shows [Basin#, Longitude, Latitude, UpstreamArea] for every basin.

I've already looked at How to find the locations of the highest values in a raster? but I don't know how to restrict the raster to only the area bounded by the polygons in the shapefile]

**Using: ArcGIS10, Python, etc.*

Answer 1

I assume that there is only 1 pixel per polygon that has a maximum value.

1. Find Maximum Value

... use the shapefile to look at the Flow Accumulation Raster and identify the location of the maximum value in each basin.

To solve this task (find the maximum pixel value in each polygon) you can use Zonal Statistics (Spatial Analyst).

in_zone_data = your polygon file

zone_field = basin number

in_value_raster = flow accumulation raster

statistics_type = MAXIMUM

2. Convert basin polygon to raster

pixel value = basin number

3. Find location of the maximum value

Use Con (Spatial Analyst) to find the location of the maximum in each basin.

con ( <raster result from step 1> == <raster flow accumulation>, <raster from step 2>, 0)

The result raster contains one pixel for each basin. The pixel value shows the basin number.

4. Convert raster to point

convert result raster from step 3 to point file (only for pixel values not 0)

5. calculate lat/lon for result from step 4

Answer 2

Here's what I came up with after trying a number approaches using ArcMap tools. My python skills are in their infancy but it works (although it took about 36 hours to loop over the 110,000 basins.

1. Create lat/lon arrays that correspond to the basin and flow area files.
2. Loop over each basin, finding the maximum value and location indices in each
3. Find the lat/lon at each index location.

4. Write out.

   import numpy as np
   from osgeo import gdal
   
   #Load input Rasters (Basin Mask and Accumulated Upstream Area)
   #Input rasters need to be the same size
   f1 = gdal.Open("/pour_points/basins.asc")
   f2 = gdal.Open("/pour_points/source_area.asc")
   basins = np.array(f1.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray())
   areas = np.array(f2.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray())
   basins = np.ma.masked_values(basins,-9999)
   areas = np.ma.masked_values(areas,-9999)
   
   #Extract raster information (dimensions, min,max, etc)
   width = f1.RasterXSize
   height = f1.RasterYSize
   gt = f1.GetGeoTransform()
   res = gt[1]
   minx = gt[0]
   miny = gt[3] + width*gt[4] + height*gt[5]
   maxx = gt[0] + width*gt[1] + height*gt[2]
   maxy = gt[3]
   
   #Make arrays of lats and lons
   lons = np.linspace(minx,maxx-res,num=width)
   lats = np.linspace(maxy-res,miny,num=height)
   #Make arrays of same dimensions as input arrays of lat/lon values
   x,y = np.meshgrid(lons,lats)
   
   #Setup basin in/out arrays
   basin_ids = np.arange(np.min(basins),np.max(basins))
   #Test basins = basin_ids = np.array([57087,53728,55400,37250,60966,71339])
   
   basin = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='i')
   max_area =  np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='i')
   x_outlet = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='f')
   y_outlet = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='f')
   min_x = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='f')
   max_x = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='f')
   min_y = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='f')
   max_y = np.zeros(len(basin_ids),dtype='f')
   
   #Loop over every basin id, finding the maximum upstream area [and location]
   #and record the basin#,longitude,latitude,area
   for i,j in enumerate(basin_ids):
       #print 'i = ',i
       basin[i]=np.int(j)
       x_basin = x[np.nonzero(basins==j)]
       y_basin = y[np.nonzero(basins==j)]
       max_area[i] = np.int(max(areas[np.nonzero(basins==j)]))
       max_ind = np.argmax(areas[np.nonzero(basins==j)])
       x_outlet[i] = x_basin[max_ind]
       y_outlet[i] = y_basin[max_ind]
       min_x[i] = min(x_basin)
       max_x[i] = max(x_basin)+res
       min_y[i] = min(y_basin)
       max_y[i] = max(y_basin)+res
   
   #save the list of pour points as a comma seperated text file
   # This file is directly importable into arcgis for validation purposes
   out_file = 'arctic_pour_points.txt'
   with file(out_file,'w') as outfile:
       outfile.write('OID,longitude,latitude,basin_area,min_lon,min_lat,max_lon,max_lat\n')
       np.savetxt(outfile,(np.array([basin,x_outlet,y_outlet,max_area,min_x,min_y,max_x,max_y]).T),delimiter=',')