MySQL - Filter a table based based on location / distance - ST_Distance

Question

I have table with Polygon geometries. I'd like to filter the table to include rows that are at a certain distance from a Point coordinate.

Here's a fiddle link for table schema, data etc.

https://dbfiddle.uk/?rdbms=mysql_8.0&fiddle=2c3c5863af9fe855491e4ef71f21a64b

Filter query based on proximity and distance.

select *
from geo
where st_distance(geometry, Point({lat},{lng})) <= {dist};

Basically, I'd to calculate the distance between a Polygon and Point and filter rows. Time it takes the query to run matters, so I am looking for a time-efficient solution.