Split point track based on time

Question

With PostgreSQL 13.6 have a table of multiple GPS points already group by track_id (HEX number not sequential), and from where ST_Makeline is made to build a line.

Some of these tracks have a time gap between them bigger than a given value (say 10 minutes). Need to split the track_id where these gaps exits, to a track_id (before 1st gap) and track_id+1 (after 1st gap) ... track_id+n (after n_st gap).

The track_id is a non-sequential large intervals HEX number, so no issues on adding a few additional units (1 to 2 gaps per track) to it.

The actual location geom is irrelevant in the analysis, since the points in the gap can be close (time spent on the same position) or far apart (loose of reception).

This is only to clean and organize data, before any further analysis.

Table example:

track_id	geom	time
123	aaaa	10:01
123	aaab	10:02
123	aaac	10:05
123	aaad	10:45
123	aaae	10:47
123	aaaf	10:49
234	aaab	10:52
234	aaac	10:55
234	aaaa	10:58

to build, new column 'new_track_id`:

track_id	geom	time	new_track_id
123	aaaa	10:01	123
123	aaab	10:02	123
123	aaac	10:05	123
123	aaad	10:45	124
123	aaae	10:47	124
123	aaaf	10:49	124
234	aaab	10:52	234
234	aaac	10:55	234
234	aaaa	10:58	234

create table public.testtime
        (id SERIAL primary key,
        track_id varchar,
        time1 time);

--Test data:

    insert into public.testtime (track_id, time1)
        values (123,    '10:01:00'),
               (123,    '10:02:00'),
               (123,    '10:05:00'),
               (123,    '10:45:00'),
               (123,    '10:47:00'),
               (123,    '10:49:00'),
               (234,    '10:52:00'),
               (234,    '10:55:00'),
               (234,    '10:58:00');

EDIT:

to verify that time_dif is bigger than treshold:

UPDATE table SET
chk_dif=(CASE WHEN time_dif>'00:10' THEN TRUE END) 

to populate the row after the true : not working

UPDATE table SET
chk_dif2=(CASE WHEN chk_dif=TRUE THEN TRUE
               WHEN chk_dif IS NULL THEN (SELECT LAG(chk_dif2 OVER (PARTITION BY track_id ORDER BY time))
               ELSE FALSE END)

It copies the TRUE from chk_dif to chk_dif2, but not repeat the chk_dif2 on the next rows, has applicable.

To change the track_id (simplify for now, change the last digit to 'x' : is not more an HEX, and only allows for a gap) looking for better

UPDATE table SET
new_track_id =
CASE WHEN chk_dif2=TRUE THEN CONCAT(LEFT(track_id,LENGTH(track_id)),'X') END)

EDIT2:

The problem is on the second step, to copy the TRUE for the next rows, as applicable to the second part of the segment.

Answer 1

This looks like a pure SQL question, so it might be a better fit for dba.stackexchange.com, but then again, it looked like a bit of fun for a saturday morning. :-)

This is hideous, but it looks like it works:

SELECT
    *,
    SUM(increment) OVER (PARTITION BY track_id ORDER BY time1 ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) AS idoffset
FROM (SELECT
        *,  
        CASE
          WHEN time1 - LAG(time1) OVER (PARTITION BY track_id ORDER BY time1) > '00:10' THEN 1
          ELSE 0
        END AS increment
      FROM testtime) tt1
;

Output

 id | track_id |  time1   | increment | idoffset
----+----------+----------+-----------+----------
  1 | 123      | 10:01:00 |         0 |        0
  2 | 123      | 10:02:00 |         0 |        0
  3 | 123      | 10:05:00 |         0 |        0
  4 | 123      | 10:45:00 |         1 |        1
  5 | 123      | 10:47:00 |         0 |        1
  6 | 123      | 10:49:00 |         0 |        1
  7 | 234      | 10:52:00 |         0 |        0
  8 | 234      | 10:55:00 |         0 |        0
  9 | 234      | 10:58:00 |         0 |        0
(9 rows)

First we use a window function, as suggested in a comment, to compute a column increment which is 1 for the first sample in every new group, and 0 everywhere else. Then, for each row, we sum the increments of all preceding rows in the group, which gives the idoffset to add to the id. We can’t use a window function in a window function call, so let’s go for a sub-select.