Do you want all of the geographic data within those big cities near Paris? If so, you should download an extract of the metropolitan area of Paris and which may also include (or if it's not enough, an extract of all of France).
Do you just want a list of the cities and their geographic coordinates ?
(The query may take 5-10 minutes,
You can use the OSM API, specifically the Overpass implementation, to craft an around call such as the following:
<osm-script timeout="600" element-limit="1073741824">
<bbox-query e="2.86" n="49.1" s="48.7" w="1.94"/>
<query type="node">
<has-kv k="name" v="Paris"/>
</query>
<query type="node">
<around radius="100000"/>
<has-kv k="place" regv="town|city"/>
</query>
<print/>