How to find/replace element in field with Field Calculator

Question

I just want to perform the following operation done in Matlab into the Field Calculator using Python:

p(p==0) = 0.001 ; p(p == 1) = 0.999; 
tVar = .5*log(p ./ (1 - p))

the operation consists of a Logit transformation:

1. Find 0's and 1's and replace with .001 and .999 respectively, and
2. Perform the second calculation with logarithms

I've tried the following for 1) in Python to no avail:

Pre-Logic Script Code:

def iLogit(a):
  return [.0001 if x==0 else x for x in a]

Any help please?

Answer 1

Using a Python parser:

Pre-Logic Script Code:

def switch(x):
    if x == 0:
        x = 0.001
    elif x == 1:
        x = 0.999
    tVar = 0.5 * math.log(x / (1 - x))
    return tVar

In the Codeblock:

y=

switch(!x!)

Answer 2

updated answer

As you use a list (return [.0001 if x==0 else x for x in a]) and a a logit funtion (thanks whuber, I had completely forgotten this function in my first answer: real values strictly between 0 and 1.):

in Matlab/Octave:

 p=[1,1,0.5,0.6,0,0.4,1];
 p(p==0) = 0.001 ; p(p == 1) = 0.999;
 disp(p)
 0.9990    0.9990    0.5000    0.6000    0.0010    0.4000    0.9990 
 tVar = .5*log(p ./ (1 - p));
 disp(tvar)
 3.4534    3.4534         0    0.2027   -3.4534   -0.2027    3.4534

In Python:

from math import log #natural logarithm
p=[1,1,0.5,0.6,0,0.4,1]
# with conditional list comprehension
p =[(0.001 if x==0 else (0.999 if x==1  else x)) for x in p]
print p
[0.999, 0.999, 0.5, 0.6, 0.001, 0.4, 0.999]
tVar = [.5*log(x/(1-x)) for x in p]
print tVar
[3.4533773893242765, 3.4533773893242765, 0.0, 0.2027325540540821, -3.453377389324277, -0.20273255405408214, 3.4533773893242765]

So, we can write the function (result as a list):

def iLogit(a):
    replace = [(0.001 if x==0 else (0.9999 if x==1  else x)) for x in a]
    return [.5*log(x/(1-x)) for x in replace]

---

( Original answer with errors in the values for logit transformation )

in Matlab:

p=[1,2,0,1,0,2,1,1];
p(p==0) = 0.001 ; p(p == 1) = 0.999;
disp(p):
0.9990000   2.0000000   0.0010000   0.9990000   0.0010000   2.0000000 0.9990000   0.9990000
tVar = .5*log(p ./ (1 - p));
disp(tvar)
3.45338 + 0.00000i   0.34657 + 1.57080i  -3.45338 + 0.00000i   3.45338 + 0.00000i  -3.45338 + 0.00000i   0.34657 + 1.57080i   3.45338 + 0.00000i   3.45338 + 0.00000i

In Python:

from math import log #natural logarithm
p=[1,2,0,1,0,2,1,1]
# with conditional list comprehension
p =[(0.001 if x==0 else (0.999 if x==1  else x)) for x in p]
print p
[0.999, 2, 0.001, 0.999, 0.001, 2, 0.999, 0.999]
tVar = [.5*log(x/(1-x)) for x in p]

So, in theory:

def iLogit(a):
    replace = [(0.001 if x==0 else (0.9999 if x==1  else x)) for x in a]
    return [.5*log(x/(1-x)) for x in replace]

Why in theory ? Because of the logarithm of negative numbers: you can only compute the logarithm of a positive number in Python only.

 x = 3
 print .5*log(x/(1-x)) # or print .5*log(3/(1-3))
 Traceback (most recent call last):
     File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
 ValueError: math domain error

 # with numpy
 print .5*numpy.log(x/(1-x))
 Warning: invalid value encountered in log
 nan

If you want the same result as Matlab (complex number), you must use the cmath module

import cmath
x = 0.999
print .5*(cmath.log(x/(1-x)))
(3.45337738932+0j)

Don't forget the problem of floating Point Arithmetic: What Every Computer Scientist Should Know About Floating-Point Arithmetic and Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations in Python.)

Answer 3

Try with...

Pre-Logic Script Code:

def iLogit(x):
  if x==0:
    x=0.001
  elif x==1:
    x=0.999
  tVar=0.5*math.log(x/(1-x))
  return tVar

EDIT (compact version):

def iLogit(x):
    x = .001 if x==0 else .999 if x==1 else x
    return .5*math.log(x/(1-x))