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@MichaelMiles-Stimson suggested OGR2OGR, which is packed with QGIS. One option is to use it through command line, with the following command:

ogr2ogr -t_srs epsg:32633 new.shp old.shp

You might prefer to call this command directly from python. Elevine's answer elsewhere shows how:

1. download http://svn.osgeo.org/gdal/trunk/gdal/swig/python/samples/ogr2ogr.py and store it somewhere in your python import path (/usr/lib/pythonX.X/dist-packages or /usr/local/lib/pythonX.X/dist-packages on Linux, not sure about Windows)

2. write following code:

   import ogr2ogr

   ogr2ogr.main(["","-f", "ESRI Shapefile", "-s_srs", "epsg:4326", "-t_srs", "epsg:32633", "new.shp", "old.shp"])

In case of bugs you might need to add full paths to the file names.

EDIT: alternative way, less bug-prone:

from os import system

#define oldPath and newPath
cmd = 'ogr2ogr -f ESRI Shapefile -s_srs epsg:4326 -t_srs epsg:32633 '+newPath+' '+oldPath
os.system(cmd)

Perhaps you can use system(cmd) instead, not sure which syntax is "better".

EDIT2: now I think the better way is to write the command and the call it, but function call() is prefered for it. See a detailed post on SO on this topic.