Your main problem is the use of "for" instead of "if" with the conditionals related to the first field.
def Check ( a, b ):
if (a > 0) and (a < 10):
if b == 2:
return "NO"
elif b == 1:
return "YES"
elif b == 0:
return "MAYBE"
elif (a => 10) and (a < 15):
if b == 2:
return "NO"
elif b == 1:
return "YES"
elif b == 0:
return "MAYBE"
elif (a > 15):
if b == 2:
return "YES"
elif b == 1:
return "NO"
elif b == 0:
return "MAYBE"
Also, make sure that you run it with
Check(!fielda!,!fieldb!)