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# get project instance
p = QgsProject.instance()

# get layout manager
m = p.layoutManager()

# get layout from manager
layout = m.layouts()[0]

# get layout items
items = layout.items()

# iterate through layout items and find map
for item in items:
    if isinstance(item, QgsLayoutItemMap):
        break
        
mapItem = item

# change the background colour by passing an RGB QColor object
mapItem.setBackgroundColor(QColor(60,255,240))

# refresh the layout to apply change
layout.refresh()