Is it possible filter out some features using a definition query set from the client on a AGS layer?

I've checked out the map server layer but it only supports find and identify. Also looked at WMS, WFS and the Feature Service. Can't find a way that works. Do I need to extend the AGS to get this functionality?

**Update:**
What I'm trying to do is opening an MXD in an ArcGIS Engine application. The MXD has an ArcGIS Server map server layer. I would like to filter out some of the features in one of the ArcGIS Server layers by using an definition query.