You have the right idea. 

 - Geo-reference the image first, this can be done with the [QGIS
   geo-referenceing tool][1], you will need some background mapping for
   reference.

 

 - Publish the image with a WMS through [GeoServer][2]. Just install
   geoserver locally and create a datastore on a local drive.
 - Create a simple webmap  with [OpenLayers][3] and view WMS
   from GeoServer.

It might be worth looking at [GDAL][4].


  [1]: http://docs.qgis.org/2.8/en/docs/training_manual/forestry/map_georeferencing.html
  [2]: https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/57139/how-to-create-wms-service-with-geoserver
  [3]: http://dev.openlayers.org/examples/wms.html
  [4]: http://www.gdal.org/