It seems like your trying to create a spatial matrix on your road layer from other intersecting layers.  To populate the road layer you will need to perform either a combination of Join Attribute by Location, Spatial Query, or Union.

**Spatial Query** - will select one table features based on spatial intersection parameter.  You may find the tool in the *Vector menu>Spatial Query>Spatial Query*

**Join Attribute by Location** - will join the two tables together based on spatial intersection.  You may find the tool in the *Vector menu>Data Management>Join Attribute by Location*

**Union** - You should be mindful of that the joining of spatial data between polyline and polygon data is not always a one to one relationship, since sometimes polyline features overlap polygon features.  Union tool is located in the *Vector menu>Geoprocessing Tools>Union*.