2
There are many solutions to iterate over (Geo)DataFrame row pairs (see Pandas iterate over DataFrame row pairs for example)
1) by iteration
for (indx1,row1),(indx2,row2) in zip(data_gpd[:-1].iterrows(),data_gpd[1:].iterrows()):
print(indx1, indx2, row1['geometry'].distance(row2['geometry']))
0 1 83538.37731261192
1 2 119611.60785001986
2 3 27537....
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