You have the right idea.
Geo-reference the image first, this can be done with the QGIS geo-referenceing tool, you will need some background mapping for reference.
Publish the image with a WMS through GeoServerGeoServer. Just install geoserver locally and create a datastore on a local drive.
Create a simple webmap with OpenLayers and view WMS from GeoServer.
It might be worth looking at GDAL.