Do you want to do something like "count the number of buildings in area x"?
You can do that in QGIS
- Load the OSM file using Openstreetmap plugin.
- Check the attribute table now.
- A query such as tags LIKE '%"building"%' should select only those features which have the building tag
To get statistics per area, I'd suggest the following approach:
- Select buildings like described above
- export the features to Shapefile using "Save as ..." from layer context menu
- Replace building polygons by centroids
- Use "Points in polygon" tool to count points per area
If you are selecting the area manually using e.g. freehand selection tool:
- Select all features within your region
- Use "Search only selected" option in attribute table and
- Use above mentioned query