No features in Sentinel 2 Level 2A Harmonized dataset

Question

I am running into a problem I am trying to calculate MCARI and NDVI from the Sentinel 2 Level 2A dataset and it doesn't have any feature for the data range from 2017 to Dec 2018. Can anyone advise me how to resolve this?

My code is below:

// Define the ROI coordinates
var lat = 36.22095949;
var long = -115.534627;
var bound = ee.Geometry.Rectangle({
  coords: [
    long - 0.00045,
    lat - 0.00045,
    long + 0.00045,
    lat + 0.00045
  ],
  proj: 'EPSG:4326',
  geodesic: false
});

// Add the ROI to the map
Map.addLayer(bound, {}, 'ROI');

// Define the start and end date for the time range of interest
var startDate = '2017-04-28';
var endDate = '2018-05-31';

// Load the Sentinel-2 surface reflectance collection and filter by the AOI and date range
var collection = ee.ImageCollection("COPERNICUS/S2_SR_HARMONIZED")
  .filterBounds(bound)
  .filterDate(startDate, endDate);

// Filter the collection by cloud cover using 'CLOUDY_PIXEL_PERCENTAGE'
var filtered = collection.filter(ee.Filter.lte('CLOUDY_PIXEL_PERCENTAGE', 5));

// Clip each image in the collection to the specified bounds
var clippedCollection = filtered.map(function(image) {
  return image.clip(bound);
});
var mcariCollection = clippedCollection.map(function(image) {
var mcari = image.expression(
  '1.5 * (2.5 * (B5 - B4) - 1.3 * (B5 - B3)) / sqrt((2 * B5 + 1)**2 - (6 * B5 - 5 * sqrt(B4)) - 0.5)',
  {
    'B5': image.select('B8'), // NIR band
    'B4': image.select('B4'), // Red band
    'B3': image.select('B3')  // Green band
  }
).rename('MCARI');
  return image.addBands(mcari);
});

// Get the first image from the NDVI collection
var first = mcariCollection.first();

// Define visualization parameters for true color (optional)
var imageVisParam = {
  bands: ['B4', 'B3', 'B2'],
  min: 0,
  max: 3000,
  gamma: 1.4
};

// Add the first true color image to the map
Map.addLayer(first, imageVisParam, 'First Image');

// Define visualization parameters for NDVI
var ndviVisParam = {
  min: -1,
  max: 1,
  palette: ["#3fff00", "#ff0000", "#ffff00", "#00c800", "#006400"]
};

// Add the NDVI layer of the first image to the map
Map.addLayer(first.select('MCARI'), ndviVisParam, 'MCARI');

// Calculate the mean NDVI for each image in the collection
var meanMCARICollection = mcariCollection.map(function(image) {
  var meanMCARI = image.select('MCARI').reduceRegion({
    reducer: ee.Reducer.mean(),
    geometry: bound,
    scale: 10,
    maxPixels: 1e9
  }).get('MCARI');
  return image.set('mean_mcari', meanMCARI);
});

// Create a chart with date on the x-axis and mean NDVI on the y-axis
var chart = ui.Chart.feature.byFeature(meanMCARICollection, 'system:time_start', 'mean_mcari')
  .setOptions({
    title: 'Mean MCARI Over Time',
    hAxis: {title: 'Date'},
    vAxis: {title: 'Mean MCARI'},
    lineWidth: 2,
    pointSize: 4
  });

// Print the chart to the console
print(chart);

// Display the map
Map.centerObject(bound, 15);

Answer 1

First available image in your region is from 2018-12-17.

var collection = ee.ImageCollection("COPERNICUS/S2_SR_HARMONIZED")
  .filterBounds(bound)
  .sort('system:time_start')

print(collection.first().date())

From the EE data catalogue:

WARNING: ESA did not produce L2 data for all L1 assets, and earlier L2 coverage is not global.