Here's a snippet that can get you started. Not sure what type of coding you are doing but this is C# from a 10.0 Add-in:
IMxDocument mxDoc = (IMxDocument)ArcMap.Application.Document;
IMap map = mxDoc.FocusMap;
if (map.SelectionCount == 0) return null;
//GET ALL SELECTED FEATURES
IEnumFeature enumFeature = (IEnumFeature)map.FeatureSelection;
//DEFAULT FEATURE SELECTION ONLY INCLUDES SHAPE, GET ALL FIELDS
IEnumFeatureSetup enumFeatSetup = (IEnumFeatureSetup)enumFeature;
enumFeatSetup.AllFields = true;
//LOOP SELECTED FEATURES AND DO SOMETHING WITH THEM
enumFeature.Reset();
IFeature selectedFeature = enumFeature.Next();
while (selectedFeature != null)
{
selectedFeature = enumFeature.Next();
}
Using the above loop you can iterate through the selected features. Depending on your requirements you can check a value of the selectedFeature or compare the name of the layer, etc. For example, you can check if siteFeature.Class.AliasName == "My Roads Layer" or something like that. You can grab the value of a field by using siteFeature.Table.GetRow(siteFeature.OID).get_Value()