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How would I reliably convert OSM-data (.osm, .kml, .gpx or .geojson) to .shp?
ogr2ogr seems have issues:

geojson: 

$ogr2ogr -f "ESRI Shapefile" destination_data.shp export.geojson   
ERROR 6: Can't create field alt_name31 in Shape DBF file. Maximum record length reached.    
Warning 6: Normalized/laundered field name: 'alt_name:fa' to 'alt_name31'

kml, gpx: 

$ogr2ogr -f "ESRI Shapefile" destination_data.shp export.kml  -lco ENCODING=UTF-8   
Warning 6: Normalized/laundered field name: 'Description' to 'Descriptio'   
Warning 1: Value '...' of field Descriptio has been truncated to 254 characters.

And encoding is off.

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    You are hitting inherent limits in the shapefile format. What do you want to throw away ? Would it be better to just download a pre-shapefile'd version: wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Shapefiles ?
    – BradHards
    Commented Jul 1, 2017 at 3:55
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    Ah, I see from your other question that you already had that link. Its still just an inherent limit of the shapefile format though.
    – BradHards
    Commented Jul 1, 2017 at 4:03
  • If you are looking for polygons Shapefile from OSM like lake or nature reserves have a look in this answer.
    – Nitzan Matan
    Commented Jul 1, 2017 at 8:09

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ESRI Shapefile's field name can be up to certain characters limitation. supposed if you try to convert from GeoJSON to Shapefile then try to change your geoJSON property "alt_name31" to "altnam" And try it.

But if you have *.osm file then bellow code may be easily doing your job. 

 $ogr2ogr -f "ESRI Shapefile" destination_data.shp export.osm multipolygons

The OSM driver will categorize features into 5 layers: points, lines, multilinestrings, multipolygons, and other_relations. So you have to pass anyone at the end of the command which you desire.

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