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I have a river polygon file and want to make transects parallel to the flow of the river. Transects can be any length, but must be 100 m apart from each other. I need enough transects to "cover" the whole river, assuming a 100 m buffer on either side (200 m wide part of river: 1 transect in center). The transects won't all be parallel with each other since the river is not straight. What is the quickest way to do this?

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You can try the Digital Shoreline Analysis System to create transects at certain intervals.

The tool requires a baseline and shorelines of different years. You can convert the river polygon to a line and use one side of the line as baseline.

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ArcGIS Pro has this native tool for creating transects are regular intervals along a line. Also, this ArcGIS 10x toolbox tool will create perpendicular lines to a feature class and center points and/or line ends.

You could create a center line from your polygons. Then use the native ArcGIS Pro tools or for ArcMap you could then divide the resulting line into 100m segments and generate the perpendicular lines on those 100m segments.

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